As we know, solar-powered water pumps present a clean, simple, and energy-efficient alternative to traditional electric and fuel-driven pump sets. They are part of an environmentally friendly approach in agriculture and can be used to exploit every region, especially in places where grid power is not available, and substitutional energy sources (especially wind power) cannot provide enough power.
Due to their immense potential for productive use and agricultural productivity, solar water pumps are now powering more and more agriculture projects. Knowing that 40% of the global population relies on agriculture as its main source of income, access to water remains an ongoing struggle for many people. This is what solar aims to change and introduce a cost-effective future for around 500 million small-scale farmers all around the world.
The main components in a solar pumping system include a water storage tank (optional), electrical cables, a breaker/fuse box, a DC water pump, a solar charge controller (MPPT), and a solar panel (PV) array. Solar water pumping systems, on the other hand, are classified as either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) systems based on their motor’s ability. Recently, the concept of brush-less DC (BLDC) motors for solar pumping water applications was presented as well. What’s more, AC & DC hybrid system is also developed for the solar water pumps.
Solar pumps have a lower environmental impact compared to pumps powered by IC engines or utility electricity. The pump with a solar system is a delightful technology with which remote areas can be supplied with water both ecologically and socially. Therefore, it is always the economic technology of choice.
Remote areas tend to require mostly diesel engines and human resources for water supply. Solar water pumps are replacing existing pumps and offer many benefits such as weather and socio-economy. These pumps are best suitable for reservoirs and irrigation systems.
Basically, the solar is an electric pump that works on the electrical energy obtained from solar panels. These panels receive energy from the sunlight. The connected battery or motor controls DC or AC. The controller used of this system uses to adjust the speed and output power.
A solar pump works on the base of the photovoltaic principle. During the working of a solar pump, PV (photovoltaic) systems absorb radiant solar energy and transform it into electricity. This produced electricity supplies to the entire system.
The inverter or controller of the pump converts the direct current output of the PV system into alternating current, which drives the pump. These inverters and controllers also adjust the output frequency and voltage in real-time, corresponding to variations in the sunlight intensity to attain the highest power point tracking.
As the intensity of the sunlight becomes weaker, the water lifting system realizes the function of switching the municipal power that works as auxiliary energy for the water lifting system.
Solar pumps are mostly used in water circulation, swimming pools, foundations, horticultural and agriculture areas, livestock, drinking water, etc.
